00:00

Help Us Improve

We're sorry this tutorial wasn't helpful. Please tell us what we can do better.

Java Program to Print Downward Pyramid Outline Star Pattern

Last updated:

In this program we print the outline of an upside-down pyramid. The first row is a full line of stars, and the rows below it only print the two edges, which meet in a point at the bottom.

Like every pattern program, it is built from nested loops: the outer loop picks the row, and the inner loops print what goes on that row.

1. The Pattern

For 5 rows the program prints:

Pattern
*********
 *     *
  *   *
   * *
    *

2. How the Program Works

Here is what each printed line is made of when numberOfRows is 5:

LineLeading spacesPrinted after the spaces
10*********
21*     *
32*   *
43* *
54*
  • The outer loop runs once for each row, from 1 to numberOfRows.
  • width is the width of the row: 9 for the first row, then 7, 5, 3 and 1.
  • The first inner loop prints row - 1 spaces.
  • The second inner loop prints a star on the first row and on the first and last column of every row, and a space everywhere else.
  • System.out.println() moves to the next line after each row.

3. Java Program

DownwardPyramidOutlineStarPattern.java 
public class DownwardPyramidOutlineStarPattern {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int numberOfRows = 5;

        // outer loop for the rows
        for (int row = 1; row <= numberOfRows; row++) {
            int width = 2 * (numberOfRows - row) + 1;
            // inner loop to print the spaces
            for (int column = 1; column < row; column++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
            // inner loop to print the outline: the whole first row, then only the edges
            for (int column = 1; column <= width; column++) {
                if (row == 1 || column == 1 || column == width) {
                    System.out.print("*");
                } else {
                    System.out.print(" ");
                }
            }
            // move to the next line
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}
Output
*********
 *     *
  *   *
   * *
    *

4. Print the Pattern for Any Number of Rows

To let the user choose the size of the pattern, read the number of rows with a Scanner. The loops stay the same.

DownwardPyramidOutlineStarPatternInput.java 
import java.util.Scanner;

public class DownwardPyramidOutlineStarPatternInput {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter the number of rows: ");
        int numberOfRows = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.close();

        // outer loop for the rows
        for (int row = 1; row <= numberOfRows; row++) {
            int width = 2 * (numberOfRows - row) + 1;
            // inner loop to print the spaces
            for (int column = 1; column < row; column++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
            // inner loop to print the outline: the whole first row, then only the edges
            for (int column = 1; column <= width; column++) {
                if (row == 1 || column == 1 || column == width) {
                    System.out.print("*");
                } else {
                    System.out.print(" ");
                }
            }
            // move to the next line
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}
Output (with sample input)
Enter the number of rows: 6
***********
 *       *
  *     *
   *   *
    * *
     *

5. Summary

  • The outer loop picks the row; the inner loops print the spaces and the stars for that row.
  • Work out how many spaces and stars each row needs, then write one inner loop for each.
  • Keep numberOfRows in a variable, so the same program can print the pattern in any size.

Related Programs